GeForce 8400 GS 512MB vs GeForce GTX 1060 3GB

Intro

Compare all of that to the GeForce GTX 1060 3GB, which has a clock speed of 1506 MHz and a GDDR5 memory frequency of 2000 MHz. It also makes use of a 192-bit memory bus, and uses a 16 nm design. It features 1152 SPUs, 72 Texture Address Units, and 48 Raster Operation Units.

Display Graphs

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Power Usage and Theoretical Benchmarks

Power Consumption (Max TDP)

GeForce 8400 GS 512MB		40 Watts
GeForce GTX 1060 3GB		120 Watts
	Difference: 80 Watts (200%)

Memory Bandwidth

As far as performance goes, the GeForce GTX 1060 3GB should in theory be quite a bit better than the GeForce 8400 GS 512MB overall. (explain)

GeForce GTX 1060 3GB		196608 MB/sec
GeForce 8400 GS 512MB		6400 MB/sec
	Difference: 190208 (2972%)

Texel Rate

The GeForce GTX 1060 3GB is quite a bit (approximately 1985%) more effective at texture filtering than the GeForce 8400 GS 512MB. (explain)

GeForce GTX 1060 3GB		108432 Mtexels/sec
GeForce 8400 GS 512MB		5200 Mtexels/sec
	Difference: 103232 (1985%)

Pixel Rate

If using a high resolution is important to you, then the GeForce GTX 1060 3GB is the winner, by far. (explain)

GeForce GTX 1060 3GB		72288 Mpixels/sec
GeForce 8400 GS 512MB		2600 Mpixels/sec
	Difference: 69688 (2680%)

Please note that the above 'benchmarks' are all just theoretical - the results were calculated based on the card's specifications, and real-world performance may (and probably will) vary at least a bit.

Price Comparison

Specifications

Memory Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data (counted in MB per second) that can be moved across the external memory interface in one second. It is calculated by multiplying the bus width by its memory speed. If the card has DDR type RAM, the result should be multiplied by 2 once again. If it uses DDR5, multiply by 4 instead. The higher the card's memory bandwidth, the better the card will be in general. It especially helps with anti-aliasing, HDR and high resolutions.

Texel Rate: Texel rate is the maximum amount of texture map elements (texels) that are applied per second. This number is calculated by multiplying the total number of texture units by the core speed of the chip. The better this number, the better the card will be at handling texture filtering (anisotropic filtering - AF). It is measured in millions of texels processed per second.

Pixel Rate: Pixel rate is the maximum amount of pixels that the graphics card could possibly record to the local memory in one second - measured in millions of pixels per second. The number is calculated by multiplying the number of colour ROPs by the clock speed of the card. ROPs (Raster Operations Pipelines - aka Render Output Units) are responsible for filling the screen with pixels (the image). The actual pixel fill rate is also dependant on many other factors, especially the memory bandwidth - the lower the bandwidth is, the lower the ability to reach the maximum fill rate.